内陆水体初级生产力评估方法研究进展

Estimation of Primary Productivity of Inland Water

内陆水体是全球碳循环的重要参与者,在调节气候变化方面发挥着关键作用。内陆水体初级生产力指内陆水体(包括湖泊、水库、河流和湿地)中初级生产者(包括浮游藻类植物和挺水、浮水、潜水大型植物)单位时间、单位面积上由光合作用产生的有机物质总量,其大小反映了系统有机碳库和无机碳库之间的定量联系。评估内陆水体初级生产力不仅能帮助解析初级生产者光合作用碳固存机理,也有助于量化内陆水体碳吸收量,进而探知不同区域生态环境差异,揭示内陆水体在全球生态系统碳循环中的重要性。内陆水体初级生产力估算方法较多,包括黑白瓶法、垂向归纳模型法和^(13)C法等,各方法都有其适用范围和局限性,对这些方法的不合理使用制约着对内陆水体初级生产力的变异性及其驱动机制的揭示。通过归纳整理近年来国内外内陆水体初级生产力估算方法,对各个方法的机理、优缺点和适用性进行对比和总结,并着重介绍2种新兴的基于溶解氧浓度或氧同位素的方法(即diel O_(2)技术和^(18/16)O技术),进而为深入开展内陆水体新陈代谢、生产力及养分循环方面研究提供重要技术支撑。

Inland water is an important component of the global carbon(C) cycle and plays a key role in regulating climate change. The Primary Productivity(PP) of inland water is defined as the amount of organic matter produced by primary producers in inland water bodies through photosynthesis per unit time and unit area,which reflects the quantitative relationship between the organic and inorganic C pools. The assessment of inland water PP can help analyze the C cycle mechanism of photosynthesis and quantify the C absorption of aquatic ecosystems to examine the differences in the ecological environment in different regions and evaluate the importance of inland water bodies in the global ecosystem C cycle. There are many methods for estimating PP in inland water, including the light-dark bottle incubation method, the vertically generalized production model method, and the^(13)C method. Each of these have application scopes and limitations. The unreasonable use of PP restricts the understanding of its variability and driving mechanism in inland water bodies. The mechanism,advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of each method are compared by summarizing domestic and international research on PP estimation methods in recent years. Two new methods based on dissolved oxygen concentration or oxygen isotopes, namely, diel O_(2)technology and ^(18/16)O technology, are introduced. This study serves as a reference for research on inland water metabolism, productivity, and nutrient cycles.