生物炭对盐渍化土壤改良的研究进展

Research Progress: the Application of Biochar in the Remediation of Salt-affected Soils

盐渍土的绿色改良和利用是培育健康土壤、保障全球粮食安全和缓解气候变化的重要保障。具有固碳、污染物控制和生态修复等多功能的环境友好型材料生物炭在土壤改良方面潜力巨大。近年来,生物炭对盐渍土改良的研究也备受关注。然而,生物炭对盐渍土的改良效果表现出极大的复杂性和不确定性,不同研究得出的结论差异较大,关键机制缺乏系统的总结。这极大地限制了生物炭技术在盐渍化土壤改良中的应用以及生物炭产业化的发展。基于此,综合分析了生物炭对盐渍化土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的影响,重点阐述了生物炭特性与盐渍土改良效果之间的联系和关键机制,最后指出了目前研究存在的不足和需要加强的方面,尤其强调了从土壤健康角度综合评估生物炭改良盐渍土效果的重要性和紧迫性,以期为生物炭的应用推广提供理论依据,为盐渍土壤的绿色开发提供技术保障。

The remediation and utilization of salt-affected soil through the application of green and sustainable technologies are important for cultivating healthy soil,ensuring global food security,and mitigating global climate change.Biochar has the potential to improve soil health and increase crop yield because of its multiple advantages,such as excellent pore structure,abundant surface functional groups,and high carbon stability.Recent research focusing on the improvement of salt-affected soils via biochar application has garnered increasing interest.However,the effect of biochar on salt-affected soil is extremely complex and diverse,resulting in a lack of critical mechanisms responsible for biochar performance in salt-affected soils.This greatly limits the application of biochar technology for the improvement of salt-affected soils and the industrialization of biochar.Therefore,this review comprehensively analyzed the impact of biochar on the physical,chemical,and biological properties of salt-affected soils.Specific focus areas included the relationship and critical mechanism between biochar properties and salt-affected soils and the deficiencies in areas that need to be strengthened.We emphasize the importance and urgency of comprehensively evaluating the effects of biochar application in the remediation of salt-affected soils from the perspective of soil health.In this study,we aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the application and popularization of biochar,as well as technical assurance for the green development of salt-affected soils.