SHUD数值方法分布式水文模型介绍

A Brief Review of Numerical Distributed Hydrological Model SHUD

水文模型是高效且经济的科学实验工具,不仅能结合观测数据验证科学理论、指导观测网络布设,而且对社会水资源管理、灾害防治以及经济决策等有不可或缺的重要价值。数值方法水文模型依据达西定律、理查兹方程和圣维南方程等水文物理公式,充分表现水文参数空间异质性,精细化表达水文物理过程,是水文模型发展的重要方向之一。SHUD模型利用有限体积法求解地表—地下耦合的流域水文过程,采用不规则三角网构成流域模拟空间,可实现空间上米—公里、时间上秒—小时的超高分辨率的数值模拟。由SHUD模型、rSHUD工具和全球基础地理数据组成的AutoSHUD水文模拟系统,构建了数据制备—模型模拟—结果分析的标准范式,其有效性和适用性已得到验证。当前我国水文领域对于数值方法分布式水文模型的探讨、开发和应用较为薄弱,亟需更多探索;不仅需要支持新模型的研发,同时应丰富已有模型在全球不同区域的验证、推广和改进工作。

Hydrological models are efficient and economical tools for conducting scientific studies.They are not only useful in validating scientific theories and guiding the deployment of observation networks,but they also play an indispensable role in facilitating decision-making within socioeconomic spheres such disaster prevention and mitigation.Distributed hydrological modelling via numerical methods entail the application of hydrological equations to express the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological parameters at a fine-scale.This finescale analysis allows for a detailed characterization of hydrological processes,which is a critical step within the context of developing robust hydrological models.The SHUD model adopts the finite volume method to resolve integrated surface-subsurface hydrological processes.The model uses an irregular triangular network,which can rapidly realize an ultra-high-resolution numerical simulation(i.e.,from meters to kilometers).The AutoSHUD automated hydrological simulation system,which consists of the SHUD model,rSHUD tool,and global essential terrestrial data,can facilitate pre-and post-processing of the model and has been applied to several research projects;hence,the validity and applicability of the model have been verified.At present,the exploration,development,and application of distributed hydrological models by numerical methods are limited in our hydrological community,and there is an urgent need for more original research in this field.The global development of new models as well as the validation,promotion,and improvement of existing models is a worthwhile goal.