“如其所是”的正义——从道法自然到系统自创生

Justice“As It Is”——From Taoism to Nature to System Self-creation

在神灵失信、道德失范,并且快速流动变化的现代性社会,法律的合法性基础不再指向外部的永恒自然,而是指向自身。只要获得授权并且符合程序的立法就能成为合法的法律,“根据宪法,制定本法”成为法律系统的自创生宣言。通过制宪这样一种将“我们人民”文本化的转换机制,以及以宪法为母法的法律自创生,“我们人民”获得了能够穿越时空变幻的两个身体:作为自然之躯的是只活在当下,方生方死的芸芸众生;作为永恒之躯的则是能够通过生产和沉淀意义符号来建构叙事、创造历史的自创生系统。但这也隐含了现代社会最为根本的合法性风险:“我们人民”安放人性的尘世之躯与承载绝对理性的超凡之躯被武断地置于非此即彼的二元对立之中,后者因此可以任意地碾压前者。而中国特色社会主义法治道路最具张力的一点在于,党作为“我们人民”这两个身体共同的大脑,能够通过“党领导人民”这一组织机制,将内在于两个身体之间的逻辑悖论转移到“党的领导”这一观察区划中,从而以党作为伸张身体政治之主体间性的组织媒介,在兼具共时性和历时性的人民民主实践中实现普遍正义和代际正义。这就是为什么历史辩证唯物主义尤为强调“社会主义法治必须坚持党的领导”,以及“党的领导必须依靠社会主义法治”的意义所在。

In a modern society where deities are faithless,morality is out of order,and rapid changes occur,the legitimacy of the law no longer points to the eternal nature outside,but to itself.As long as legislation is authorized and in accordance with procedures,it can become a legitimate law,and the“enactment of this law in accordance with the Constitution”becomes a self-created declaration of the legal system.Through the transformation mechanism of textualizing“We the People”through the constitution,as well as the self-creation of laws based on the constitution as the mother law,“We the People”have obtained two bodies that can travel through time and space changes:as the body of nature,we are the living beings who only live in the present,live and die;As the eternal body,it is a self-created system that can construct narrative and create history through the production and precipitation of meaning symbols.But this also implies the most fundamental legal risk in modern society:the earthly body that“we the people”place in humanity and the transcendent body that carries political divinity are arbitrarily placed in a binary opposition of either this or that,and the latter can therefore arbitrarily crush the former.The most tense aspect of the rule of law path of socialism with Chinese characteristics lies in the fact that our party,as the common brain of the“We the People,”can transfer the logical paradox inherent in the two bodies to the observation area of“party leadership”through the organizational mechanism of“the Party leads the people”,thus using the party as the organizational medium to promote the inter subjectivity of body politics,to achieve universal justice and intergenerational justice in the simultaneous and diachronic practice of people's democracy.This is why historical dialectical materialism particularly emphasizes the significance of“socialist rule of law must adhere to the leadership of the Party”and“the leadership of the Party must rely on socialist rule of law”.