债务人财产处分权配置的反思与重构——以《破产法解释三》第15条为视角

Reflection and Reconstruction of Disposition of Debtor's Right to Dispose of Property:From the Perspective of Article 15 of the Third Interpretation of Bankruptcy Law

在破产经营理念下,破产企业的持续经营价值逐渐为学界所认可,安全而高效地配置债务人财产的处分权至关重要。《破产法解释三》第15条规定“管理人处分债务人重大财产,应当提交债权人会议表决”,明显牺牲了处分效率。应当贯彻“安全与效率并重”的理念,依据处分行为的性质和重要程度,分层次配置债务人财产处分权:特别重大事项,经债权人会议通过后处分;一般重大事项,经人民法院许可后处分;普通事项,由管理人自行处分。既有监督体系除因制度协调需要而作适当优化外,还应增设相关制度以强化监督力度。如此,当可有效实现债权人利益保护与债务人财产处分效率之间的平衡。

Under the concept of bankruptcy management,the value of the bankrupt enterprise's continuous operation is gradually recognized by the academic circle,and it is very important to dispose the debtor's property safely and efficiently.Article 15 of the third interpretation of the bankruptcy law stipulates that“If the administrator disposes of the major property of the debtor,it shall submit it to the creditors'meeting for a vote”,obviously sacrificing the efficiency of the disposition.According to the nature and importance of disposition,the right of disposing property of the debtor should be assigned in different levels:especially important matters should be disposed after the adoption of the creditors'meeting;general important matters shall be disposed of with the permission of the People's Court;general matters shall be disposed of by the administrator.The existing supervision system should not only be optimized due to the need of system coordination,but also be strengthened by the establishment of relevant systems.Thus,the balance between the protection of the creditor's interests and the efficiency of the debtor's property disposal can be realized effectively.