突发公共卫生事件政府预警信息发布制度的完善——兼论我国《传染病防治法》的修订

Improvement of the Government’s Early-Warning Information Release System for Public Health Emergencies——Also on China’s Amendments to the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

政府预警信息发布制度要求预警信息依法主动、及时和公开发布,保障公民生命健康权、维护国家安全和社会稳定。相关法律规范对政府预警信息发布的权限进行了配置,并建立内部报告和外部发布相结合的决策研判机制、分类管理和分级负责相结合的发布机制。当前我国突发公共卫生事件政府预警信息制度暴露出行政决策和专业力量之间信息协同治理不充分、自下而上的公共卫生应急决策效能不高等问题。可通过促进信息发布高效决策和推动风险沟通协同行动完善我国突发公共卫生事件预警信息发布制度。同时结合《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》(修订草案征求意见稿)此次修订,应当在传染病防治中建立权责对等的激励机制,提升政府和专业力量之间合作治理的效能,完善政府预警信息发布中的属地责任。

The government’s early-warning information release system requires ealy-warning information to be released proactively,timely and publicly in accordance with the law,so as to protect citizens’right to life and health and safeguard national security and social stability.Relevant laws and regulations configure the authority of government’s early-warning information release,and establish a decision-making and judgment mechanism combining internal report and external release、classification management and classification responsible for the combined release mechanism.The system exposed problems of such as inadequate cooperative governance between the government and professional forces,and inefficient information transmission from bottom to top is not very effective.The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases(Draft Revision for Comment)has been revised to address the prominent problems existing in the government’s early-warning information release system.Combined with the revision of the law,an incentive mechanism that equalizes power and responsibility should be established,the effectiveness of cooperative governance between the government and professional forces should be enhanced,and the territorial responsibility in the release of early warning information should be improved.