买卖型担保的理论廓清、效力分析与裁判路径——以最高人民法院的裁判观点为研究对象

Theoretical Clearance,Validity Analysis and Judgment Path of Sale Guarantee

最高人民法院对买卖型担保案件的效力认定始终处于左右摇摆的状态。"买卖合同"容易使人望文生义,其实质为当事人预先约定的新债清偿协议。该协议并非当事人通谋的虚假意思表示,也非流质条款,在不违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定时,应为有效。但买卖型担保未增加或分离出债务人的责任财产,也欠缺法定的公示要件,不属于担保物权,债权人原则上不享有优先受偿权。但合法有效的债权、限制债务人处分之登记、清算和返还程序共同组成了"三道防线",债权人在满足上述条件时,可以基于有效的新债清偿协议取得标的物之所有权,从而达到优先受偿的目的。

The Supreme People’s Court has always been in a state of swing to the left and right.The“contract of sale and purchase”is easy to make people feel comfortable,and its essence is a new debt settlement agreement agreed in advance by the parties.The agreement is not a false expression of intention or a liquid clause,and shall be valid when it does not violate the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations.However,the sale-type security does not increase or separate the debtor’s liability property,also lacks the legal public notice element,does not belong to the security right,the creditor does not have the priority to receive the right in principle to the parties after the liquidation period to reach the debt agreement,as long as it does not violate the mandatory provisions on private lending,recognize its effect.