情理与圣意之间:中国传统法非规则型反思

Between Reason and Emperor’s Will:Reconsidering on the Irregularity of Chinese Traditional Law

何为中国传统法?寺田浩明提出"非规则型法"理论,认为"州县自理案"和"命盗重案"的审理依据"情理"或"情法之平"原理,而律例仅是皇帝官僚共同体内部审理案件的"参考标准"。实际上,中国传统礼法秩序是由皇帝支配的官僚体制利用情、礼、法三套规范体系在相互协调共同作用下形成的。"非规则型法"理论过于突出了情理在案件审理中的作用,从而忽视了圣意和律例的主导地位。其情理与法的同质性,律例与个案判决并列于情理之下的理论构想并不符合传统中国的社会实际。但"非规则型"概念概括出了中国传统法独特的制度化模式。

What is Chinese traditional law’s characteristics?Japanese scholar Haoming Ikeda puts forward the theory of“irregular law”.He considers that the trail of“selfhandling cases by prefectures and counties”and“serious cases of life-robbery”is based on the principle of“reason”or“balance of sense and law”,while the law is only the“reference standard”for the trial of cases within the emperor’s bureaucratic community.In fact,the Chinese traditional etiquette and law order is formed by the coordination of the three normative systems of affection,etiquette and law under the control of the emperor.Sense,reason and law have their own systems.They guide human feeling with natural principles and enforce natural principle with national laws.The trial of self-handled cases in prefectures and counties is mainly based on the laws decided by the present emperor’s will.The theory of“irregular law”overemphasizes the role of reason in the trial of cases,thus ignoring the dominant position of emperor’s will and laws.However,the concept of“irregular law”does generalize the unique institutionalized mode of Chinese traditional law.