上海地区“厉鬼”钱鹤皋信仰蠡考

The Study of Qian Hegao's“Evil Ghost Belief”in Shanghai Area

由元末明初的松江地方起义领袖钱鹤皋所衍生出的“厉鬼信仰”,常被各地民间认为是明太祖朱元璋颁行厉坛祭祀制度的解释性传说。通过对其身世和死因的考察,可知该传说大致在钱氏死后不到百年的时间中被松江文人所造作并传播。钱鹤皋厉鬼信仰的出现有着深刻的社会原因,是松江民众展现自身生存诉求的象征,更是民间对官方所采取的一种隐秘对抗手段。

The“Evil Ghost Belief”derived from Qian Hegao,the leader of the local uprising at Songjiang area in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties,is often regarded by the folks as an explanatory legend of the Litan sacrificial system promulgated by first emperor of the Ming dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang.Through the investigation of his life experience and cause of death,we can conclude that the legend was fabricated and spread by Songjiang literati less than a hundred years after Qian's death.The emergence of Qian Hegao's belief in ghosts has profound social reasons,It is a symbol of Songjiang people's demands for survival,and it is also an informal means of confrontation adopted by the people against the govermment,