表演的非人类:论西班牙黄金世纪的动物秀

The Non-human Performance:Animal Shows in Spanish Golden Ages

动物秀是16至17世纪伊比利亚半岛大都市(比如说马德里与里斯本)街道上出现的独特文化景观。大象、犀牛、犰狳和公牛等特征鲜明又体态庞大的动物,作为帝国强盛的符号在都市的户外空间公开展演。观众们趋之若鹜,用静默的凝视与仪式化的参与,使得表演成为了西班牙都市里流动的盛宴。本文基于翔实的西语和英语史料考证,从都市文化的角度论述了黄金世纪动物秀的艺术特征与社会意义。表演的非人类是近年来西方文化研究的前沿与热点,动物秀则是前现代人类文明的代表性文化遗产。通过考察西班牙都市空间里动物演员的竞相登场,我们能更好地理解人与社会以及人与自然之复杂关系。

Animal shows were the representative cultural landscape in the streets of Golden Age Iberian cities,such as Madrid and I isbon,Elephants,rhinoceros,armadillos,and other animal actors functioned as symbols of the grandeur of the flourishing dynasty.Audiences flooded into the streets to watch and participate,making the performances become the fluid landscapes.This article is based on Spanish and English historical texts and discusses animal shows'aesthetic characteristics and social significance,Non human performance has been one of the research hotspots worldwide in recent years.Animal shows are the emblematic cultural heritages in pre industrialized human eivilization,By examining the Spanish urban cultural landscape and animal shows,we can better understand the relationships between humans and urban/nature.