构建“城市”:比较视域下的广州市政体制探研(1921—1930)

Construction of"City":A Research on Guangzhou Municipal System from the Perspective of Comparison(1921—1930)

1921年,《广州市暂行条例》颁行,广州市政体制正式建立,民国市政改革运动自此始。在制度设计上,广州市政体制效仿美国市委员会制,强调市政厅的专业化、职业化、组织化,并经过制度调适,满足了广州社会对于城市政府的要求。由比较的视角入手,通过比较广州市政体制与美国市政体制之间的融合与差异,可以看到,双方皆重视城市的行政职能,强调效率至上的组织原则;而在城市选举方面,因政局动荡,加之缺乏社会基础,广州当局为维持社会稳定,最终废止了市民选举,这与采用民主选举的美国市政有着较为明显的差异。宏观而言,广州市政体制的制度移植较为成功,在城市建设方面成就颇丰,并且为中国市政之蓝本,具有开创性意义。

In 1921,the"Provisional Regulations of Guangzhou Municipality"was promulgated,the Guangzhou municipal system was formally established,and the municipal reform movement of the Republic of China began.In terms of system design,the Guangzhou municipal system imitated the American municipal committee system,emphasizing the specialization,professionalization,and organization of the city hall,and through system adjustments,it has adapted to the requirements of Guangzhou society for the city goernment.Starting from the perspective of transnational history,comparing the integration and differences between the Guangzhou municipal system and the American municipal.system,it can be seen that both sides attach importance to the administrative functions of the city and emphasize the organizational principle of efficiency;while in urban elections,due to political turmoil and lacking of social foundation,In order to maintain social stability,the Guangzhou authorities finally abolished citizen elections.This is quite different from the democratically elected municipalities in the United States From a comparative perspective,the institutional transplantation of Guangzhou’s municipal system has been relatively successful,and it has made great achievements in urban construction.It is also the blueprint of China’s municipal administration and is of groundbreaking significance.