《荒原》中的戏仿田园与城市危机

Mock-Pastoral and Urban Crisis in The Waste Land

《荒原》是艾略特城市诗歌的代表作,也采用了一些田园模式的人物、结构和场景等。有研究者据此将《荒原》定义为城市牧歌,将其置于英诗题材由乡村向城市转型的过程中。事实上,《荒原》是模仿18世纪城镇牧歌而作的戏仿田园诗,目的在于以田园的丰美反讽城市环境的脏污,批判工业主义文明带来的人与自然的异化,揭示潜在的城市发展危机。艾略特从古典主义田园诗中找到了与东方宗教和人类学神话相一致的顺应自然的原始智慧,并试图将顺应自然的田园主义生活方式作为挽救现代城市荒原的途径。

As a masterpiece of T.S.Eliot’s urban poetry,The Waste Land uses some characters,structures and scenes commonly seen in the pastoral mode.A critic identified this poem as an urban eclogue in this regard,and put it into a process in which the subject of English poetry turned from countryside to city.As a matter of fact,The Waste Land is a mock-pastoral modelled on the town eclogues popular in the early 18^(th)century,with the aim to ironize the filthiness of urban environment by comparison with the fertilities of the pastoral land,to criticize the alienation between man and nature caused by industrialism,and reldeal the latent urban development crisis.Eliot also borrows the ancient wisdom of conforming to nature from classical pastorals,which can also be found in the eastern religion and the anthropological myth,and attempts to put forward a life in conformity with nature as a way to heal the modern urban wasteland.