城墙内外:呼和浩特城市史中的双重性格

Inside and Outside the City Wall:Dual Characters in the Urban History of Hohhot

呼和浩特是一座中国北方沿边地区的重要城市,它诞生于归化城和绥远城的结合。以较长时段下城市功能分区的分布和变迁状态为观察对象,就可以看到呼和浩特城市性格中的"固执"与"活泼"。以归化城、绥远城两座城的城墙为空间分割线,可将呼和浩特的城市性格大致分为城墙之内的"固执"和城墙以外的"活泼"。"固执"体现在城墙内城市功能分区的单一和稳定,"活泼"体现在城墙外城市功能分区上的多样与变化。这种城市性格自呼和浩特诞生伊始就存在,并随着城市自身的成长又存在波折,一直延续到中华人民共和国成立前。这种城市性格是先天和后天因素综合影响下的结果。先天因素主要归结于归化城与绥远城城市性质的特殊性。后天因素主要体现在城墙拆除之后,商贸线路中断、境外势力的商业竞争以及社会局面混乱等,使得呼和浩特在城墙拆除后,没能较快地从双重性格的状态下走出。

Hohhot is an important city in northern China.It was born from the combination of Guihua City and Suiyuan City.Taking the distribution and changes of urban functional divisions over a long period of time as the observation object,we can see the"stubbornness"and"lively"in the urban character of Hohhot.Taking the city walls of Guihua City and Suiyuan City as the space dividing line,the urban character of Hohhot can be roughly divided into"stubbornness"inside the city wall and"lively"outside the city wall."Stubbornness"is embodied in the unity and stability of the urban functional zoning within the city wall,and"lively"is embodied in the diversity and changes in the urban functional zoning outside the city wall.This kind of urban character has existed since the birth of Hohhot,and with the growth of the city itself,there have been twists and turns,which continued until the founding of the People’s Republic of China.This urban character is the result of the comprehensive influence of innate and acquired factors.The innate factors are mainly attributed to the particularity of the urban nature of Guihua City and Suiyuan City.Acquired factors are mainly reflected in the dismantlement of the city wall,the interruption of trade routes,the commercial competition of foreign forces,and the social chaos,etc.,which made Hohhot fail to emerge from the dual character state quickly after the city wall was demolished.