身体之困境:现代城市文化视域下的惩罚、规训与异化——兼论卡夫卡小说中的身体叙事

The Dilemmas of the Body:Punishment,Discipline and Alienation in the Vision of Modern Urban Culture——On the Body Narration of Kafka’s Novels

现代身体理论肇始于19世纪尼采对传统灵肉二元对立模式的颠覆,以巴塔耶、德勒兹、福柯、阿甘本为首的一批思想家在20世纪从不同层面发展了这一理论。奥地利作家卡夫卡小说中的身体叙事以深度的前瞻性与19世纪和20世纪的身体理论遥相呼应,敏锐地抵达了现代城市文化视域下身体的三重困境,并在新的时代文化背景下将现代社会的身体问题指向一种人文主义的高度。

Body theory started from Nietzsche’s subversion of the traditional duality of the mind and body in the nineteenth century.A group of thinkers led by Bataille,Foucault,and Agamben developed this theory from different levels in the twentieth century.The Austrian writer Kafka,an explorer of modern art,involved the body narration in his novels with a deep forward-looking perspective at the turning point of the century,echoing the body theories of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The body narration in the field of Kafka’s novels keenly reached the triple dilemmas of the body under the modern urban culture vision,and led the physical problems of modern society to a humanistic level in the new era.