从“轰轰烈烈”到“偃旗息鼓”:民国上海国药业职工运动再研究

From “Booming” to “Declining”:A Re-Study of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry’s Labor Movement in Shanghai during the Period of Republic of China

国药业职工自1920年成立工会后,曾发动过五次全行业的罢工运动及一次坚持半年之久的怠工斗争,在社会上引起较大震动,甚至惊动了国民党中央当局。需要指出的是,在南京国民政府成立之后,上海国药业职工运动从原本有组织的、几千人的、全行业的、轰轰烈烈的罢工运动慢慢"偃旗息鼓",转变成自发的、几十人的、个别国药号的、小规模的劳资纠纷。国药业职工运动从"轰轰烈烈"到"偃旗息鼓",这其中的原因既包括中共对国药业职工运动领导权的缺失以及国民党对国药业职工组织的强化管理与控制;又包括在国药业行业持续平稳发展、资方获利丰厚的情况下让利劳方,给予职工较好的薪酬、红利以及教育培训;还包括资方与劳方之间地缘羁绊下的浓厚乡情。总之,职工运动的规模与职工的待遇呈负相关。

Since the establishment of the trade union in 1920,the workers of the traditional Chinese medicine industry had launched five industry-wide strikes and one halfyear-old idle struggle,which caused great shock in the society and even alarmed the Nationalist Party’s central authorities.However,it should be pointed out that after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,the Shanghai traditional Chinese medicinal workers’movement from the original organized,thousands of people,and industry-wide booming strike movement slowly"declining"into a spontaneous,dozens of people and small-scale labor disputes.The reasons that traditional Chinese medicine workers’movement from"booming"to"declining"including not only the lack of leadership of the Chinese Communist Party but also the strengthening management and control of the Kuomintang,and in the case of the sustained and steady development of the industry,the management made a good profit then gave the workers good pay because of the geographical bond between the management and the labor.In short,the scale of the workers’movement was negatively correlated with the remuneration of workers.