美国社会转型期中产阶级女性婚姻与家庭生活的变迁(1870—1920)

Changes in the Marriage and Family Life of American Middle-Class Women in Social Transition(1870-1920)

19世纪末20世纪初,美国社会政治、经济和文化生活的变化带来传统家庭和两性关系的变动,中产阶级女性的婚姻和家庭生活在延续传统的基础上出现了新的变化。家用电器的逐渐普及以及消费主义文化在城市生活的兴起极大地减轻了中产女性的家务负担;随着中产阶级女性生育率下降,中产阶级家庭规模逐步缩小;以父权制为主导的家庭关系逐步瓦解,新的夫妻关系开始成型。这一切为中产阶级女性走出家庭,积级参与社会活动奠定基石。

In the late 19th and early 20th century,the rapid political,economic and social changes in American society brought about tremendous changes in the traditional family life.Unavoidably,new changes took place in the marriage and family life of many middle-class women.The gradual popularization of household appliances and the rise of consumerism in urban life greatly lightened the household burden of middle-class women;with the decline in the fertility rate of middle-class women,the size of middle-class families was gradually shrinking;The family relationship dominated by patriarchy gradually collapsed,and the new relationship between husband and wife began to take shape.All this laid the foundation for middle class women to step out of their families and participate actively in the social and political life.