北宋开封——中国历史的重要节点

Kaifeng in Northern Song Dynasty:an Important Node in Chinese History

北宋是中国历史发展中一个十分重要的阶段,同时也是中国城市文明史的重要转折点。城市的物质形态由隋唐之前规整、封闭的里坊制转变为自由、开放的街巷制;允许临街设店、废弛宵禁、有限征税等宽松的政策使过去备受管制与压抑的市民阶层得以崛起;东京汴梁城的制造业、商贸、文娱、服务业蓬勃发展,使其传统的行政功能退居其次,而成为享誉全球的新型集工商贸易与文化教育于一身的大都市,由此也使城市管理有了远超以前、更为丰富的内涵与使命。无疑,发生在北宋开封的一系列关联性变革是一场具有众多突破点的城市革命,使其理所当然地成为中国历史的重要节点。

The Northern Song Dynasty was a very important stage in the development of Chinese history and an important turning point in the history of Chinese urban civilization.The material form of the city changed from a structured and closed system before the Sui and Tang dynasties to a free and open system of streets and alleys;allowing shops to be set up on the street,abolishing curfews,limited taxation and other loose policies,allowed the rise of a previously regulated and repressed citizen stratum.The rapid and vigorous development of manufacturing,commerce,entertainment and service industries in City of Bianliang made its traditional administrative functions secondary,and became a cosmopolitan city of a new type with a combination of trade,industry,commerce,culture and education.This also makes the city management have far more connotation and mission than before.Undoubtedly,the series of related changes that took place in Kaifeng of the Northern Song Dynasty is a city revolution with many breakthroughs,which naturally makes it an important node in Chinese history.