生态系统理论视角下青少年抗逆力影响机制研究——基于结构方程模型的分析

Research on the Influencing Mechanisms of Adolescent Resilience from the Perspective of Ecological Systems Theory:An Analysis Based on Structural Equation Modeling

青少年正处于青春期,从身体到心理都发生着较大的变化,而青少年抗逆力对其培养良好的意志品质、树立正确的价值观都具有重要作用。为了探究青少年抗逆力的形成和发展机制,本文在生态系统理论的基础上,利用CEPS(2014~2015)调查数据,运用结构方程模型,考察了家庭因素、学校因素和同伴因素与青少年抗逆力的关系。研究发现:(1)家庭因素、学校因素、同伴因素和青少年抗逆力都具有相关关系,并且同伴因素对青少年抗逆力的影响力最大;(2)同伴因素在模型中具有中介作用,形成了家庭因素→同伴因素→青少年抗逆力、学校因素→同伴因素→青少年抗逆力两种中介路径以及家庭因素→学校因素→同伴因素→青少年抗逆力链式中介路径;(3)三种因素对农村与城市青少年抗逆力的影响具有差异性,户籍显著地调节了三种因素对青少年抗逆力的作用机制。因此,社会工作者在实践中要考虑多种社会因素,并重点关注同伴因素的影响,同时,要根据城乡青少年服务对象的差异,制定不同的介入方案。

Adolescents are going through significant changes both physically and psychologically during their adolescence.The resilience of adolescents plays a crucial role in cultivating good character and establishing correct values.To explore the mechanisms of resilience formation and development in adolescents,this study,based on the ecological systems theory,utilized data from the China Education Panel Survey(CEPS)conducted in 2014-2015.Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the relationships between family factors,school factors,peer factors,and adolescent resilience.The study found that:(1)family factors,school factors,and peer factors were all significantly correlated with adolescent resilience,with peer factors having the strongest influence;(2)peer factors played a mediating role in the model.Two mediating paths were identified:family factors→peer factors→adolescent resilience and school factors→peer factors→adolescent resilience,as well as a chain mediating path:family factors→school factors→peer factors→adolescent resilience;(3)the influence of the three factors on resilience differed between rural and urban adolescents,with household registration significantly moderating the mechanisms of the three factors on adolescent resilience.Therefore,social workers need to consider multiple factors in their practice,with a particular focus on the influence of peer factors.Additionally,tailored intervention plans should be developed based on the differences in service recipients between rural and urban adolescents.