家庭抗逆力生成研究——以自闭症儿童家庭个案为例

Research on the Generation of Family Resistance:Based on a Family with Autistic Children

家庭是社会的基本单元,是残障儿童赖以生存和发展的最重要的社会系统。长期以来,"悲伤模式"成为残障儿童家庭社会工作研究与服务的主基调,对家庭自主能力与潜能的挖掘不足。本文以积极心理学为视角,基于沃尔什的家庭抗逆力理论架构,通过对一个自闭症儿童家庭的个案研究,探讨家庭抗逆力生成过程以及影响因素,继而为社会工作实务提供建议。本文表明,信念系统、组织模式与沟通过程是影响家庭抗逆力生成的不可分割、交互作用的三组要素,其中,积极的信念是家庭抗逆力生成的内在动力,良好的家庭关系与沟通是家庭抗逆力提升的润滑剂与推动力,家长单位支持与社会资源链接为家庭抗逆力生成提供了重要保障。本文建议出台以家庭为导向的支持性社会政策,开展以提升残障儿童家庭抗逆力与社会功能为导向的社会工作服务,从而提高残障儿童家庭生活质量。

Family,as the basic unit of society,is the most important social system for the survival and development of of children with disabilities,"sad mode"has long been the main tone of family social work research and service for children with disabilities,and the potential of family autonomy remains to be exploited.Therefore,the author undertakes a case study on a family with autistic children with the theoretical framework on Walsh’s family resistance to stress.This paper aims to provide suggestions for social work practice through the discussion of the process and influencing factors of family resistance.This case study shows that the belief system,organizational model and communication are the three indispensable and interactive factors in the development of family anti-stress ability.The positive belief is the intrinsic driving force of the generation of family anti-stress ability while the good family relationship and communication help promote the development of family anti-stress ability.Moreover,the support from parents and social resources ensures the generation of resistance.At last,this paper proposes to introduce a family-oriented supportive social policy and carry out social work services to enhance the resilience and social function of children with disabilities to further improve the quality of family life for children with disabilities.