不同海拔高度青年军人工作记忆刷新功能的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of updating function of working memory among young military personnel at different altitudes

目的探讨不同海拔高度青年军人工作记忆刷新功能的变化特点及其影响因素。方法于2021年12月至2022年5月采用方便抽样的方法,将收集到的426名青年军人的数据分为3组:<1000 m组(n=145)、3000~4000 m组(n=130)、>4000 m组(n=151)。采用N-back(0-back,1-back,2-back)任务测量青年军人工作记忆的刷新功能,采用自制的一般资料调查表分析刷新功能可能存在的影响因素。结果(1)不同海拔组的青年官兵在0-back任务和1-back任务的正确反应时、1-back任务和2-back任务的正确率方面均存在显著差异(P<0.01)。(2)经单因素分析筛选变量后,多元线性回归分析显示,家庭结构是青年军人0-back任务正确率的显著影响因素(P<0.05);海拔高度、工作期间是否经历过较严重的心理创伤、家庭结构是青年军人1-back任务正确率的显著影响因素(P<0.05);海拔高度、军龄是青年军人0-back和1-back任务正确反应时的显著影响因素(P<0.01);海拔高度、家庭结构是青年军人2-back任务正确率的显著影响因素(P<0.05)。(3)两因素方差分析显示,刷新功能的影响因素之间不存在交互作用。结论高原地区青年军人的工作记忆刷新功能低于平原地区青年军人。海拔高度、军龄、家庭结构以及工作期间是否经历过较严重的心理创伤可能影响青年军人的工作记忆刷新功能。

Objective To investigate the updating function of working memory among young military personnel at different altitudes and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Convenience sampling was adopted to select 426 young military personnel at different altitudes as study participants from December 2021 to May 2022.These participants were divided into 3 altitude groups:<1000 m group(n=145),3000-4000 m group(n=130),and>4000 m group(n=151).N-back(0-back,1-back,2-back)tasks were used to evaluate the updating function of working memory.Self-designed general information questionnaire was adopted to investigate the possible influencing factors of the updating function.Results(1)The correct reaction time of 0-back task and 1-back task,and the accuracy of 1-back task and 2-back were significantly different among different altitude groups(P<0.01).(2)After screening variables by single factor analysis,multiple linear regression analysis showed that family structure was the significant influencing factor of the accuracy of 0-back task(P<0.05);Altitude,serious psychological trauma during work,positive affect and family structure were closely associated with the accuracy of 1-back task(P<0.05);Altitude and length of military service significantly influenced the correct reaction time of 0-back task and 1-back task(P<0.01);At the same time,the accuracy of 2-back task was significantly influenced by altitude and the family structure(P<0.05).(3)Two-factor variance analysis showed that the influencing factors of the updating function did not interact with eath other.Conclusion The updating function of working memory among young military personnel in plateau area is reduced compared with that in plain area.Altitude,duration of military service,family structure,positive affect and serious psychological trauma during work may influence the updating function of working memory.