抗洪抢险任务期官兵的睡眠质量和创伤后应激障碍水平及其相关关系研究

Relationship of sleep quality and level of posttraumatic stress disorder among soldiers during anti-flood mission

目的了解参加抗洪抢险任务期官兵的睡眠质量和创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)的情况及影响因素,探究二者之间的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样法抽取2020年7月参加抗洪抢险的官兵1593名作为调研对象。匹兹堡睡眠指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)、创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD checklist for DSM-5,PCL-5)用于评估睡眠质量和PTSD水平。结果(1)任务期官兵PSQI的总分为(4.18±2.89),睡眠障碍检出率为2.75%(cut-off=10);PCL-5的总分为(7.62±9.89),PTSD检出率为3.71%(cut-off=33);(2)睡眠质量的影响因素:女性的日间功能障碍得分显著高于男性(F=8.01,P<0.05);年龄≥25岁官兵的睡眠障碍得分显著高于年龄<25岁的官兵(F=11.72,P<0.01),而日间功能障碍得分却低于年龄<25岁官兵(F=8.01,P<0.01);(3)PTSD的影响因素:女性的PTSD水平及其4个子维度的得分都显著高于男性(Fs≥15.77,Ps<0.01);大学本科学历的任务期官兵PTSD水平及认知和情绪负性改变子维度得分显著高于高中及以下学历的官兵(Fs≥3.36,Ps<0.05);(4)任务期官兵的睡眠质量与PTSD水平呈显著正相关(r=0.44,P<0.01),与多元线性回归结果一致(β=0.44,t=19.35,P<0.01),睡眠质量因素可解释任务期官兵PTSD总变异的19%(ΔR^(2)=0.19);回归模型也表明性别因素对任务期官兵的PTSD水平有显著影响(β=0.11,t=4.64,P<0.01)。结论任务期官兵的睡眠质量良好,PTSD症状较轻;女性的日间功能障碍以及PTSD水平均高于男性;睡眠质量与PTSD水平呈显著正相关,提示提高睡眠质量是预防发展为PTSD的重要手段。

Objective To investigate the sleep quality and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in soldiers during the mission of flood fighting and explore the relationship between sleep quality and PTSD level.Methods A total of 1593 soldiers during the mission in July 2020 were participated in the survey.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5)were used for assessment for level of PTSD and sleep quality.Results(1)The total score of PSQI was 4.18±2.89,the detection rate of sleep disorder was 2.75%(cut-off=10);The total score of PCL-5 was 7.62±9.89,and the prevalence rate of PTSD was 3.71%(cut-off=33);(2)The influencing factors of sleep quality:the scores of daytime dysfunctions were significantly higher in the females than the males(F=8.01,P<0.05).The scores of sleep disturbance in soldiers over 25 years old were significantly higher than those younger(F=11.72,P<0.01),but the scores of daytime dysfunctions were significantly lower than those younger(F=8.01,P<0.01).(3)The influencing factors of PTSD:The females had significantly higher level of PTSD and higher scores of its 4 sub-dimensions when compared with the males(Fs≤15.77,Ps<0.01).The level of PTSD and the sub-dimension scores of negative cognitive and emotional changes were significantly higher in the soldiers with bachelor degree than those with educational level of high middle school or below(F≥3.36,Ps<0.05).(4)The levels of sleep quality and PTSD were positively correlated(r=0.44,P<0.01),which were consistent with the results of multiple linear regression analysis(β=0.11,t=4.64,P<0.01).The sleep quality could explain 19%of the total variation of PTSD in soldiers during the mission(ΔR^(2)=0.19).In addition,the regression model also showed that gender had a significant influence on PTSD level(β=0.44,t=19.35,P<0.01).Conclusion Sleep quality is sound and PTSD symptoms are mild among the soldiers during anti-flood mission.The females have higher levels of daytime dysfunctions and PTSD than the males.Sleep quality is positively correlated with PTSD level,suggesting that improving sleep quality is an important measure to prevent the development of PTSD.