抑郁情绪对高原新兵新训期睡眠质量的影响:负性认知加工偏向的纵向调节作用

Effect of depression on sleep quality in high-altitude recruits during new training: longitudinal moderation of negative cognitive processing bias

目的探讨高原新兵新训期间睡眠质量在时间维度上的变化趋势和规律,以及负性认知加工偏向在抑郁情绪影响睡眠质量过程中的纵向调节作用。方法采用自行编制的人口学资料调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、负性认知加工偏向问卷、抑郁自评量表,对整群抽取的我国青藏线某部952名新兵在新训期1、2、3个月结束时进行3次团体测评。运用新训1个月后的抑郁情绪得分、新训2个月后的负性认知加工偏向得分对新训3个月结束时的睡眠质量情况进行因果关系预测。结果高原新兵新训期1、2、3个月匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分分别为(4.45±2.44)分、(4.01±2.15)分和(4.45±2.54)分,均显著高于我国正常成人常模(P<0.01);睡眠质量随训练时间延长呈先改善后下降的趋势(P<0.01)。不同民族、年龄、文化程度对睡眠质量变化的影响有统计学差异(P<0.05)。高原新兵匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分与文化程度、抑郁情绪、负性认知加工偏向及其各维度呈正相关(r=0.131~0.330,P<0.01)。调节效应分析显示,负性记忆偏向能调节抑郁情绪与睡眠质量间的关系(t=2.498,P<0.05),共解释睡眠质量变异率的15.7%。结论高原新兵新训期间睡眠质量较差。民族、年龄、文化程度、负性认知加工偏向和抑郁情绪是高原新兵新训期睡眠质量的重要影响因素。负性记忆偏向在抑郁情绪与睡眠质量之间的纵向调节作用显著,且是抑郁情绪影响睡眠质量的风险因素,其风险效应具有长时性。

Objective To explore the change trend and pattern of sleep quality in time dimension in high-altitude recruits during new training,and the longitudinal moderation of negative cognitive processing bias in the process of depression affecting sleep quality.Methods A self-designed demographic data questionnaire,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PQSI),Negative Cognitive Processing Bias Questionnaire and Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to survey 952 cluster-sampled military recruits during training period who served in high-altitude regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Supply Line.Group assessment was performed in 1,2 and 3 months after new training.The score for depression at the first month and the score of negative cognitive processing bias at the second month were collected and used to predict the sleep quality at the end of the 3 months of new training.Results The military recruits had a mean score of PSQI of 4.45±2.44,4.01±2.15 and 4.45±2.54,respectively in the 3 time points,significantly higher than the national norms for Chinese(P<0.01).Their sleep quality showed a trend of improving first and then decreasing with the extension of training time(P<0.01).Nationality,age and educational level significantly affected the sleep quality(P<0.05).The total PSQI score was positively correlated with educational level,depressed mood,negative cognitive processing bias and its dimensions among these individuals(r=0.131~0.330,P<0.01).Regulatory effect analysis showed that negative memory bias could modulate the relationship between depression and sleep quality(t=2.498,P<0.05),and explained 15.7%of the variance rate of sleep quality.Conclusion The recruits serving in high-altitude regions have a severe sleep quality.Nationality,age,educational level,depression and negative cognitive processing bias are important factors affecting the sleep quality in them during new training.Negative memory bias has a significant longitudinal moderate effect between depression and sleep quality and is a risk factor of depression affecting sleep quality,in long-term risk effectiveness.