我国退役军人抑郁症状特点及相关因素分析

Characteristics of depressive symptoms and related factors in Chinese veterans

目的研究我国退役军人抑郁症状特点及其相关因素。方法采用分层方便抽样,对我国三大经济带12个城市2400名退役军人采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表(Patients’Health Questionnaire,PHQ-9)及自编一般情况问卷进行抑郁症状调查,采用非参数检验、皮尔森卡方检验、二元Logistic回归进行分析。结果(1)我国退役军人抑郁症状总体发生率39.0%,其中轻度抑郁症状发生率22.1%,中度发生率8.5%,重度发生率8.3%;(2)女性、城镇、25岁以上、目前患病者抑郁症状发生率及得分高于男性、农村、18~25岁、未患病者(P<0.01),初中及以下受教育程度、离婚抑郁症状发生率及得分高于大学及以上、未婚和已婚者(P<0.05),家庭人均可支配年收入≤7400元者抑郁症状发生率高于>7400~16000元者(P<0.01),工人抑郁症状得分高于党政机关、企事业领导干部(P<0.05),不同水平抑郁症状构成比在除人均GDP外的所有人口学信息上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)特殊军事作业环境中服役、服役期间患重病的退役军人抑郁症状发生率及得分高于未在特殊环境服役者、未患重病者(P<0.01),服役<8年、火箭军、参战、集体退役、复员抑郁症状发生率及得分高于服役≥30年、陆军、未参战、达龄/年限退役、退休(P<0.05);退役军人不同水平抑郁症状构成比在除服役职级、立功受奖外的军事职业信息上存在统计学差异(P<0.05);(4)抑郁症状危险因素为高人均GDP地区、女性、25~30岁、离婚、目前患重病、火箭军、特殊环境服役、服役期间患重病、复员(P<0.05);抑郁症状保护因素为教育程度大学及以上,家庭人均可支配收入>7400~14000元、>25000~39000元(P<0.05)。结论我国退役军人抑郁症状发生率受到性别、年龄、婚姻状况等人口学因素和服役年限、参加的军事作业类型等服役经历影响,复员、集体退役军人群体应引起格外关注。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of depressive symptoms and related factors in Chinese veterans.Methods A total of 2400 veterans were selected by stratified sampling and convenient sampling from 12 cities in Chinese 3 economic belts.Self-designed general questionnaire and Patients’Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)were used to investigate their depressive symptoms.Nonparametric test,Pearson Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression analysis were employed to conduct statistical analysis.Results(1)The incidence of depression was 39.0%in the subjected Chinese veterans,with mild depression accounting for 22.1%,moderate depression for 8.5%,and severe depression for 8.3%.(2)The incidence and score of depressive symptoms were higher in female,living in urban,younger than 25 years and with illness than the male,living in rural areas and healthy participants(P<0.01).Those with educational level less than junior middle school and the divorced had statistically higher incidence and score of depressive symptoms than those with college or above educational level,and the unmarried and married(P<0.05).The incidence of depression was higher in those with household per capita disposable annual income≤7400 Yuan than those of>7400~16000 Yuan(P<0.01),and the score of workers was higher than leaders in enterprises and public institutions(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the composition ratio of depressive symptoms at different levels in all demographic information except per capita GDP.(3)The incidence and score of depressive symptoms were higher in servicing in special military environment and having seriously disease during service than those not servicing in special military environment and not having disease during serving.The incidence and score of depressive symptoms were higher in serving for 30 years or longer,rocket army,war experience,collective unified released from servicing,and demobilization than those in servicing less than 8 years,army,not being in war,full retirement and retirement(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the composition ratio of depression symptoms at different levels in all military occupation except getting awards and promoting service rank levels(P<0.05).(4)Living in areas with high per capita GDP,female,25~30 years old,being divorced,having seriously disease,rocket army,servicing in special military environment,having severe diseases during service and demobilization were risk factors for the incidence of depression(P<0.05);College and above educational level,household per capita disposable income of>7400~14000 Yuan and>25000~39000 Yuan were protective factors(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of depression in Chinese veterans is affected by demographic factors(sex,age and marital status)and military serving experience(years of service and military occupation).Special attention should be paid to those with demobilization and collective ex-servicemen.