数字平台自我优待的法律规制

The Legal Regulation of Self-preferential Treatment of Digital Platform

平台自我优待是国内外立法执法实践关注的重要问题,但其规制边界有待厘清。平台自我优待根据效果可以分为积极型和消极型自我优待,根据对象要素可以分为针对流量、数据和知识产权自我优待,根据实施方式可以分为通过平台规则实施的和未通过平台规则实施的自我优待。不同类型的自我优待行为呈现出不同的规制需求,需要采用不同的规制路径。规制平台自我优待的理论基础包括从运作机理维度的数字生态系统、从社会功能维度的数字基础设施、从权力属性维度的公共管理职能。对平台自我优待的规制有赖反垄断法及相关法律的完善。一方面应当在反垄断法内部进行理论创新;另一方面,可采用超越反垄断法框架的思路,结合平台自我优待的类型和理论,基于数字基础设施的构成要件界定规制对象,采取整合行为和效果的双重规制思路,强化平台规则的透明度,建构体系化的规制结构。

Platform self-preference has become an important issue concerned by domestic and foreign legislation and law enforcement practices,but its regulatory boundaries need to be clarified.Platform self-preference can be divided into positive and negative according to the effect,self-preference for traffic,data and intellectual property according to the object elements,and can be divided into activities implemented through platform rules and not implemented through platform rules according to the implementation mode.Different types of self-preference have different regulatory needs and need to adopt different regulatory paths.The theoretical basis of regulating platform’s self-preference includes the digital ecosystem from the operation mechanism dimension,the digital infrastructure from the social function dimension,and the public management function from the power attribute dimension.The platform self-preference regulation relies on the anti-monopoly law framework.On the one hand,theoretical innovation should be carried out within the anti-monopoly law;on the other hand,the idea of surpassing the anti-monopoly law framework should be adopted,combining the type and theoretical basis of platform self-preference,to define the regulatory object based on the constituent elements of digital infrastructure,and the dual regulatory idea of integrating behavior and effect,strengthen the transparency regulation of platform rules,and construct a systematic regulation structure.