论“数字人权”的新型权利特征

On the New Human Rights Characteristics of “Digital Human Rights”

人权的代际划分具有一定的争议性,“数字人权”的代际性一定程度是政治判断。但代际人权可以作为一种理想类型,揭示“数字人权”的新型权利结构。“数字人权”的权利主体包括个体和集体,义务主体主要指向具有数字权力的企业和部分公共机构,二者呈对抗与合作的深度交融关系。“数字人权”具备明显的人权属性,尤其符合我国等发展中国家关于人权的价值取向。从道德政治哲学看,“数字人权”构成了人权理论的最低“重叠共识”,与人的安全、尊严与平等价值密切相关;从实证法角度看,“数字人权”在我国和域外国家构成了宪法基本权利。“数字人权”对人权法提出了挑战,应设计符合个人/集体—数字权力主体—国家三元结构、同时能够有效应对侵害与合作深度交融关系的法律制度。

The intergenerational division of human rights has a certain political nature,and the intergenerational judgment of“digital human rights”is a political judgment.However,the right structure of“digital human rights”has shown new characteristics,which is different from the three generations of human rights.The subjects of rights include individuals and collectives,and the subjects of obligations mainly point to large enterprises and some public management institutions,which constitute the relationship of confrontation and cooperation.“Digital human rights”also has a solid foundation of moral humanity and fundamental rights of positive law.From the perspective of“digital human rights”is closely related to people’s basic security,human dignity and equal value,which is very important for safeguarding people’s life and property security,people’s rational ability and normative initiative,and people’s ability of equality and positive freedom;from the perspective of empirical law,“digital human rights”constitute basic constitutional rights in my contry and foreign contries.“Digital human rights”pose a challenge to human rights law,and a legal systom should be designed that conforms to the triple structure of individual/collective-subject of digital power-state,where challeagaes can effectively deal with violations and cooperate deeply.