论认罪认罚案件证据开示的两种逻辑

On Two Logics of Discovery in the Case of Admission of Guilty and Acceptance of Punishment

我国认罪认罚案件中证据开示制度的探索存在着职权行使逻辑和权利保障逻辑两种路径。前者将证据开示作为一种获取被追诉人口供或认罪认罚意愿的方法,后者则把保障被追诉人证据知悉权与平衡控辩双方信息差距作为目的,这决定了根据这两种逻辑分别设计的证据开示制度具有截然不同的基本特点和法理基础。在司法实践中,职权行使逻辑的强势常常使权利保障逻辑让位,这根源于检察系统绩效考核的压力、辩护资源的不足以及被追诉人的双重诉讼角色,并内蕴着认罪认罚不明智、法院审查虚置化和案件范围受限的隐忧。为此,应当在证据开示启动权的配置、案件范围、内容、时间点、对象等要素及其他相关联制度中增强权利保障的制度内核,并充实法院事后审查的手段与能力。

There are two ways to establish the system of discovery in the case of admission of guilty and acceptance of punishment:the logic of authority exercise and the logic of rights protection.The former takes discovery as a method to obtain the confession and the acceptance of punishment of the accused,while the latter takes the protection of the accused’s right to know all the evidence and the balance of the information gap between the prosecution and the defense as the purpose,which determines the basic characteristics and legal basis of the discovery established according to these two kinds of logic is quite different.In judicial practice,the logic of rights protection often gives way to the strong logic of authority exercise,which stems from the pressure of the performance appraisal of the procuratorial system,the insufficiency of defense resources and the dual litigation roles of the accused,and contains the hidden worries of unwise confession and acceptance of punishment,the invalid review of the court and the limited scope of the case.Therefore,the logic of rights protection in discovery should be strengthened from the aspect of start,case scope,content,time point,object and other associated system.The court’s means and capacity of judicial review should also be enhanced.