人工椎体的研究进展

Research progress in artificial vertebral body

人工椎体包括单纯支撑型、可扩张型、可活动型3类。制作人工椎体的材料包括金属合金、陶瓷、生物材料及高分子材料。在生物力学上,以钛网为代表的单纯支撑型人工椎体和可调节高度的扩张型人工椎体,均能较好地重建脊柱稳定性,但不能更好地保留脊柱活动度。可活动型人工椎体通过模拟人体关节活动,在恢复脊柱活动度上有较好的表现。通过3D打印技术可以制作出更符合生物力学的人工椎体。目前,人工椎体已经用于治疗脊柱肿瘤、结核、骨折等疾病,均取得了良好的治疗效果。未来对于人工椎体的理化性质还需继续探索,同时对于其长期疗效还有待进一步研究。

Artificial vertebral bodies include simple support type,expandable type and movable type.Artificial vertebral body materials include metal alloys,ceramics,biomaterials and polymers.In biomechanics,titanium mesh and adjustable height expandable artificial vertebral body can reconstruct spinal stability well,but can not retain spinal range of motion better.The movable artificial vertebral body simulates human joint movement and has good performance in restoring spinal range of motion.More biomechanical artificial vertebral bodies can be made through 3D printing technology.Artificial vertebral bodies have been used to treat spinal tumors,tuberculosis,fractures and other diseases,and have achieved good results.The physical and chemical properties of artificial vertebral bodies need to be further explored in the future,and their long-term efficacy needs further study.