城市轨道交通车站瓶颈处限流设施布设仿真研究

Simulations on layout of flow restriction facilities at the bottlenecks in urban rail transit station

随着城市轨道交通网络规模的扩大,中国大城市的轨道交通车站普遍存在高峰期客流过载问题。瓶颈(楼扶梯、闸机等)是影响车站效率的主要因素,因此在客流高峰时期在瓶颈处布设限流设施已经成为日常客流管控的常态措施。目前对于限流设施的布设主要是依赖经验分析,缺少科学的布设指导。本文以问卷调查为基础对各限流设施设置效果进行初步评估,以VISSIM仿真软件为主要研究工具,模拟不同客流强度下地铁车站内瓶颈处布设不同形式和尺寸限流设施下的行人运动过程,分析和比较了单位时间通过限流设施的流量与速度,提出了限流设施布设优化建议。

With the expansion of the urban rail transit network,the rail transit stations in major cities generally suffer from the problem of passenger flow overload during peak hours.Bottlenecks(such as stairs,escalators,automatic fare automatic fare gate,etc.)are the main factors affecting station efficiency.Therefore,setting up flow restriction facilities at the bottleneck during peak passenger flow has become a normal measure for daily passenger flow control.At present,the layout of flow restriction facilities mainly relies on empirical analysis,and there is a lack of quantitative layout guidance.The preliminary evaluation of the installation effects of various flow restriction facilities based on a questionnaire survey is first conducted.Then VISSIM simulation software is employed as the main research tool to simulate the pedestrian movement process under different forms and sizes of flow restriction facilities at the bottlenecks in subway stations when passenger flow intensities are varied.Finally,the flow and speed of the flow restriction facilities per unit time are analyzed and compared,and the optimization suggestions for the layout of the flow restriction facilities are put forward.