敦煌经济文书中的“格”

“Ge” in Dunhuang Economic Documents

唐代法典律令格式中的格有两类,一类是诏敕编辑类,一类是非诏敕编辑类,后者是一种带有条件或标准意义的规则规格。敦煌经济文书中出现了三种“格”的用例:第一种相当于“法”;第二种写有制作颁发日期,是有司按期制定的规则规格,与选格、举格、勋格等属一类;第三种虽写有尚书省二十四司名称,但可能也是有司制定的规则规格,属于留司格。这三种用例的格似乎均非“诏敕编辑类”性质的格。

There are two types of Ge(regulations)in legal code of the Tang Dynasty,one refers to the compilation of imperial edicts and the other,compilation of non-imperial edicts.The latter is a kind of rule or specification with conditional or standard meaning.There are three kinds of Ge in Dunhuang economic documents according to the usage:the first type is equivalent to“laws;”the second type,which has enactment and issuance dates,refers to the rules and specifications established on schedule by some official departments,including the Ge for promotion,election and outstanding performances;the third type,though written with the names of the 24 branch organizations under the Shangshusheng(Department of State Affairs,)it also might be the rules and specifications established by some official departments,and belongs to Liusi Ge(the regulations and rules were not issued widely)In brief,the three types of Ge in Dunhuang economic documents did not belong to the compilation of imperial edicts.