敦煌文献同人异称研究

Research on the Various Appellations Used to Designate the Same People in Dunhuang Documents

敦煌文献中的大量人名,不但是敦煌历史人物研究的重要宝库,也是对敦煌写卷断代的重要依据。敦煌人名的形式极其复杂。写卷先后延续,有些人出现在敦煌文献的时间跨度长达60年,人物的称谓随着身份地位的改变而改变;写手的文化素养或者用字习惯不同,或异体俗字,或同音替代,或删简省略,同一人的名字往往有若干不同的变体。这些不同称谓与变体,使同一人的材料被分割得支离破碎,看似毫无关系。对同一人的不同称谓与人名变体的认同是推动敦煌人物与历史研究的前提条件。本文主要讨论敦煌文献同一人名的异称,钩连考索同一名字的不同变体,共分四个部分:音近相代、人名简省、俗名与法名、人物代称等。

A large number of the names of historical personages have been preserved in Dunhuang documents and provide a wealth of information for researching the historic figures of Dunhuang, as well as an important basis for dating and collating handwritten Dunhuang manuscripts. The handwritten manuscripts this research focuses on were created intermittently, with records of some figures spanning a period of up to 60 years. The appellations used to indicate these people varied with changes in their social status: the same person may have had several completely different names that were written in popular graphic forms,substituted by homophonic characters, or written in abridged forms due to the variance in literacy between scribes. Furthermore,because these historical records were catalogued based on topic rather than individual case, information relevant to the same individuals was scattered into seemingly unrelated segments. Therefore, establishing the correct identities of these personages and collecting the various appellations by which they were known is an important precondition for advancing research into the prominent figures of Dunhuang’s history. To this end, this research traces the different variants of certain appellations found in Dunhuang documents and analyzes the change in form that occurs based on homophonic substitution, name abridgement, differences in secular and religious names, and character antonomasia.