敦煌回鹘语头韵诗及其格律特征

Alliterative Uighur Poetry from Dunhuang and the Features of Its Meter

敦煌发现的回鹘语头韵作品数量很多,而且涉及内容也十分广泛,不仅回鹘民间文学、宗教诗歌采用头韵诗形式,而且出现于佛事文献中,诸如回鹘文题记、写经尾跋之中,更有甚者,回鹘人在翻译佛经时,也常常把原本为散文体的著作也改用头韵诗形式表述,独具一格。所谓头韵,就是诗歌前一句和后一句的首个词语或音节全部押韵。究其源头,当来源于蒙古高原发现的突厥卢尼文碑铭,更加普及化、个性化,而且又影响到后世阿尔泰语系的多种语言。

There is a large amount of alliterative Uighur poetry found among the historical documents of Dunhuang. The use of alliteration in Uighur documents is not only limited to folk literature and religious poetry, but also appears in Buddhist documents, particularly in the prologues and postscripts of Buddhist scriptures. Furthermore, ancient Uighur peoples often used the alliterative form when translating Buddhist scriptures, which was highly unique for the time. The type of alliterative meter used in these texts is somewhat unique as well: the first words or syllables of the first sentence in a poem or text rhyme with that of the second sentence. The history of this form can be traced to the runic inscriptions in Old Turkic found in the Mongolian Plateau.The meter used by these inscriptions gradually became popularized throughout the region, was adopted and individualized by disparate local cultures, and ultimately exerted an influence on many Altaic languages.