长安与敦煌之间 西明寺的大乘沙门与莫高窟的敦煌贤者

Between Chang’an and Dunhuang Mahayana Monks in the Ximing Temple and Dunhuang Sages in the Mogao Caves

西明寺是唐代长安的重要寺院,西明系统的高僧大德辈出,所属宗派往往以禅宗、律宗、法相唯识宗者居多。同时,在西明系玄奘的许多弟子中,相当一部分门人弟子以"大乘"冠名,如大乘光、大乘灯等。这些大乘称号与大乘佛教为主体的文化之间有何关系,与玄奘本人有何关联,同样,莫高窟中的供养人题记中亦有大乘禅者等。本文以大乘沙门与大乘禅者为核心,讨论两者的关系与学术链接,试图对该称呼的源头来源及彼此的关联得出进展性结论。

The Ximing Temple was an important Temple in Chang’an during the Tang Dynasty. Various eminent monks came from the Ximing branch of Buddhism, many of whom were masters of the Chan, Vinaya, "Idealistic"(Dharma Character School) and Dharmalaksana schools of Buddhist thought. Among the numerous disciples of Xuan Zang from the Ximing branch,many were inclined to use"Mahayana" as part of their title, such as "Mahayana Guang" and "Mahayana Deng." What is the relation between these titles and Mahayana culture;is there any relation between these titles and Xuan Zang himself ? Focusing on the Mahayana monks and Mahayana Chan practitioners of Dunhuang, regarding which historical record can be found in the inscriptions of donors in the Mogao caves, this paper discusses the relation between these two groups of practitioners as well as the academic links that connect them, and attempts to reach a conclusion about the origins of their titles and the level of connectivity between the two groups.