“蜀主窥吴幸三峡”解

On “Liu Bei Visited Three Gorges in Attacking Wu District”

杜诗《咏怀古迹五首》(其四)首联为"蜀主窥吴幸三峡,崩年亦在永安宫",其中的"蜀""主"与"窥"字颇受明清学者批评。本文通过对"蜀""主"与"窥"字含义的考察,结合诗歌文本进行分析,发现明清学者的批评多有不妥。之所以出现这种现象的原因,一是自南宋以后,三国的正统观念发生了变化;二是明末清初杜诗学对文献的重视;三是明清时期学者对刘备有着特殊情结。

The first line of Du Shi’s"Five Chants on Reminiscing Historical Relics(Fourth in Five)"reads"Liu Bei visited Three Gorges in attacking Wu district,and was in Yong’an Palace."The use of"Shu","Zhu"and"Kui"has received much criticism from scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Based on the text analysis studying the meaning of"Shu","Zhu"and"Kui",this paper finds that there are some improper criticisms from scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is out of the change of orthodoxy of the Three Kingdoms since the Southern Song Dynasty,the emphasis on literature by Du Fu’s poetics in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,and a mixed emotion of scholars in the Ming and Qing dynasties towards Liu Bei.