力量政治学与群众的自我启蒙:阿尔都塞的斯宾诺莎及其难题性

La Politique de Puissance and Self-Enlightenment of the Multitude:Althusser’s Spinoza and His Problematic

斯宾诺莎学说的复兴是20世纪60年代后发生于欧洲马克思主义理论界的一次重要思想史事件,这意味着斯宾诺莎思想在哲学和政治方面具有的革命性"潜能",由此开始被人们重新认识和阐释。这场"复兴"的"思想原点"正是阿尔都塞和他的"斯宾诺莎小组"。阿尔都塞对斯宾诺莎的"阅读"揭示了斯宾诺莎与马克思之间被压抑的"平行关系",也开启了"从左面"阅读斯宾诺莎的思想脉络。斯宾诺莎学说在阿尔都塞思想发展的各个阶段都扮演着重要的角色,奈格里、巴利巴尔在阿尔都塞影响下对斯宾诺莎力量政治学做出了激进思考并将之发展为一种"思考到极端"的唯物主义。

The resurgence of Spinoza in French Marxism is a major event in the history of ideas after 1960 s.It signifies the revolutionary potential of Spinoza’s ideas in philosophy and politics,prompting it to be rediscovered and reinterpreted.The intellectual origin of the resurgence can be traced back to Louis Althusser and his Spinoza study group.Althusser’s reading of Spinoza revealed a histrorically suppressed parallel between Spinoza and Marx,and introduced a new line of thought in approaching Spinoza from the left.For Althusser,Spinoza’s theories have played an important role in every stage of developing his own ideas.Under Althusser’s influence,Antonio Negri andétienne Balibar radically developed Spinoza’s politics of power into a materialism that is pushed to the extreme.