风险时代的“整合政治”趋势——以英国为例的考察

The Trend of Integrated Politics in the Era of Risks:Examining the Case of Britain

全球高风险时代的降临,加剧了普遍的社会分化,也催生了再整合的需要,这两方面都对当代国家治理提出了全新挑战。就此而言,英国的发展危机及其应对模式具有典型性。在经济衰退和新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的冲击下,英国面临民主政治、身份政治、生命政治三重危机叠加的风险,国家分化日益严重,其治理变革的核心就在于从"分化的政治"重回"整合的政治"。为此,英国政府发起了罗斯福式的改革新政,从政治、经济、社会等各方面推动国家团结和发展升级,逐渐形成了首相集权、中央主导的强人政治格局。这种风险应对的集中化模式,并非英国特有的现象,它的扩大化和建制化,已然成为风险社会治理的一个显著趋势。

The advent of an era of global risk has exacerbated widespread social fragmentation and spawned a need for reintegration,both of which pose new challenges for contemporary state governance.In this regard,Britain’s response to its own development crisis are typical.Hit by economic recession and the COVID-19 pandemic,Britain faces the risk of a triple crisis of democracy,identity politics and life politics,and the division of the country is becoming more and more serious.Thus the core of its governance reform is to return from the"politics of division"to the"politics of integration".To this end,the British government has launched a Rooseveltian New Deal,which is expected to promote national unity and development politically,economically and socially,and has gradually formed a centrally-led strongman political structure in which the prime minister centralizes power.This centralized model of risk response is not a uniquely British phenomenon.Its expansion and institutionalization has become a notable trend in the governance of modern risk society.