论我国手工业考古的萌芽

Studies on the Germination of China's Archaeology of Traditional Industry

1921~1949年,是我国现代考古学的诞生和初创时期,也是我国手工业考古的萌芽时期。这一时期,基于渑池仰韶村遗址、夏县西阴村遗址、齐齐哈尔昂昂溪遗址、章丘城子崖遗址和安阳殷墟遗址等发掘出土的文化遗物,就史前至秦汉时期的石器手工业、制陶业、骨器手工业和青铜冶铸业的有关问题展开研究。回顾这近三十年有关手工业的考古研究可以看到:我国古代手工业的考古学研究,伴随着我国现代考古学的兴起而逐渐起步,并且伴随着有关考古发现的不断增多而逐步展开;手工业产品——文化遗物是手工业考古研究的主要对象和最初的切入点,并且形成了相应的研究范式;以产品为主要研究对象的同时,已经开始关注手工业生产遗存的收集和研究;在研究方法上,已经开始采用现代科学技术进行检测和分析;当时关注和研究的重点是原材料及其制作工艺技术,对后来的手工业考古研究产生了直接的影响。但是,当时学界还缺乏将手工业作为一个“产业系统”和社会经济乃至整个社会的一个“子系统”进行研究的学术自觉。因此,1921~1949年有关古代手工业的考古发现和研究,实际上是我国手工业考古的萌芽。

From 1921 to 1949,it was the birth and initial stage of modern archaeology in China,as well as the embryonic period of archaeology of traditional industry in China.During this period,based on the cultural relics excavated from Yangshaocun Site in Mianchi,Xiyincun Site in Xiaxian County,An'angxi Site in Qiqihar,Chengziya Site in Zhangqiu and Yinxu Site in Anyang,research was carried out on issues related to stone making industry,pottery manufacturing industry,bone making industry and bronze smelting industry from prehistory to the Qin and Han Dynasties.Looking back at the archaeological research on traditional industry over the past thirty years,it can be seen that the archaeological research on traditional industry in China gradually started with the rise of modern archaeology in China,and gradually expanded with the increasing number of archaeological discoveries;Handicraft products-cultural relics are the main object and initial entry point of archaeological research on traditional industry,and have formed corresponding research paradigms;While focusing on products as the main research object,attention has been paid to the collection and research of handicraft production relics;In terms of research methods,modern scientific and technological methods have been adopted for detection and analysis;At that time,the focus of attention and research was on raw materials and their production techniques,which had a direct impact on later archaeological research in traditional industry.However,at that time,there was still a lack of academic consciousness in the academic community to study traditional industry as an“industrial system”and a“subsystem”of the social economy and even the entire society.Therefore,the archaeological discoveries and research on traditional industry from 1921 to 1949 are actually the embryonic stage of China's archaeology of traditional industry.