试析北齐、北周陵墓的制度体系与逾制现象

Research on the System and the System Violation of the Mausoleum in Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou Dynasty

北齐与北周的帝、王陵墓,已各自形成了一定的制度体系,但“逾制”的现象也时有发生。北齐陵墓的墓室尺寸、陶俑数量、壁画内容等均呈现了较完善的制度体系,而异姓王墓中却又常见“逾制”因素。后者所体现的,应是墓主因军功而取得的特权。北周陵墓的制度体系主要包含墓葬全长、天井数量、墓底铺砖等,“逾制”现象则表现在两个方面:一是边镇将领墓葬违背等级约束,二是封“公”爵者因礼制体系的紊乱而使用高规格葬制。

The Mausoleum in the Northerm Qi Dynasty and the Northem Zhou Dynasty both formed a certain system,but the phenomenon of“violation of the system”also occurred from time to time.The size of the tomb chamber,the number of pottery figurines and the content of murals in the tombs of the Northern Qi Dynasty all presented a relatively perfect system,while the“violation of the system"factors were common in the tombs of vassal lord with different surnames.What the latter reflects should be the privilege obtained by the tomb owner due to military merit.The system of tombs in the Northern Zhou Dynasty mainly included the total length of tombs,the number of ventilation shaf,laying bricks at the bottom of tombs,etc.The phenomenon of violation of the system”was manifested in two aspects:the tombs of border town generals violate the hierarchical constraints,and the“duke”titles used the high-standard burial system due to the disorder of the ritual system.