从坐井垂钓到水榭观鱼图——东汉时期垂钓之趣的表达与变化观察

From Fishing by the Well to Watching Fish in a Water Pavilion:Expressions and Changes in the Interest of Fishing in the Eastern Han Dynasty

山东滕州地区东汉早期刻有人物垂钓画像的五石椁侧板,其上垂钓之人所处建筑非常奇怪,不为现实中可见的建筑,而为模型明器带有井亭的陶井。故画像表现的是墓主日常生活的状态——垂钓之乐。此后,几乎不见单独成幅的垂钓画像,而是被置于一个更大的场景——水榭观鱼图中。画像的主角为楼阁内观鱼的尊者,而楼上柱外的垂钓者及其垂钓活动成为尊者所观的情景之一。垂钓者的身份发生降级,故而垂钓者的垂钓行为乃至他本人都变得可有可无起来。

The side panel of a five-stone coffin inscribed with a portrait of a figure fishing in the early Eastem Han Dynasty in Tengzhou,Shandong Province,has a very strange building on which the person fishing is located,not a building visible in reality,but a model funeral pottery well with a pavilion.Therefore,the portrait shows the tomb owner's daily life:the joy of fishing.Since then,there have been almost no separate fishing portraits,but they have been placed in a larger scene of watching fish in a water pavilion.The main character of the portrait is the dignified person watching fish inside the pavilion,while the fishermen and their fishing activities outside the upstairs column become one of the scenes the dignified person is watching.The status of the angler has been downgraded,so the angler's fishing behavior and even the angler himself have become dispensable.