东汉文通祠堂题记发现与研究

Discovery and Research on the Inscriptions of Wentong Ancestral Hall in the Eastern Han Dynasty

2013年4月,在邹城北龙河村发掘的北宋M1中,发现东汉汉安元年祠堂题记刻石。共41行,608字,是迄今国内汉代祠堂题记字数最多的一石。在文字释读上,已考释出580余字,并大致句读出题记的主要内容。题记文字不但记述祠主里籍、官职及修建祠阙、附葬、叙哀、言孝、丧葬习俗,而且详记祠主男丁及女眷的家族世系,甚为罕见。题记文体采用东汉民间记事散文,同时兼有汉赋韵味的颂辞,是汉代题记向墓志、碑文的过渡文体,对研究古代墓志的产生具有重要意义。题记图像当与升仙观念有关。题记书法具有汉代通俗隶书的特点。题记纪年明确、保存完整,为山东纪年汉画石刻考古类型学及汉代祠堂建筑结构研究、探讨鲁南地区高平石工集团汉画镌刻工艺及地域特点提供了新资料。

In April 2013,in the MI of the Northerm Song Dynasty excavated at the area of Beilonghe Village,Zoucheng,a stone inscribed in the first year of Han'an ancestral hall of the Eastern Han Dynasty was found.As a stone with the largest number of words inscribed on the ancestral hall of the Han Dynasty in China up to now,there was 41 lines,608 characters totally.In terms of text interpretation,along with more than 580 words have been released,the main content of the inscription has been roughly read out.The inscription not only describes owner's birth place,official position,the construction of this ancestral hall,funeral,mouming,filial piety,and funeral customs,but also reflects the family lineage of the owner's male and female family members in detail,which are very rare.The writing style of this inscription was of great significance to the study of the ancient epitaph because it was not only adopted the folk prose of the Easterm Han Dynasty,but also applied the Chinese charm of the ode,which could be seen as the transition style of the Han Dynasty inscription to epitaph and tablet inscription.The image of this inscription was related to the concept of ascension while the inscription calligraphy possessed characteristics of popular Licalligraphy of the Han Dynasty.The inscription dated clearly and preserved completely,which provided new materials for researching on the typology of Han Dynasty stone carving archaeology in Shandong Province,the architectural structure of ancestral temples of Han Dynasty,as well as the exploration of the Han painting engraving technology and regional characteristics of Gaoping Stone Group in southern Shandong Province.