社会与环境因素影响中国新石器时代晚期大汶口文化的食物选择

Social and Environmental Factors Infuencing Dietary Choices Among Dawenkou Culture Sites,Late Neolithic China

考古学文化通常是根据某一特定时空范围内遗址出土陶器组合的类型来定义的。一般认为,同一考古学文化有相似的文化传统、社会组织以及生活方式等。然而,在大汶口文化的不同遗址中,陶器组合、墓葬、房屋建造技术和生存策略等均存在一定的差异。本文应用稳定同位素、植物考古和动物考古的分方法揭示了大汶口文化中晚期的饮食多样性。研究表明,在大汶口文化的中晚期,在不同遗址之间和遗址内部先民的饮食结构存在明显的共时性和历时性变化。造成这些差异的原因可能包括环境因素的制约(如温度、降水、局部地貌)和社会因素(如性别、社会地位和族群)等。

Archaeological cultures are commonly defined by typologies established from ceramic assemblages at sites dated to a relatively restricted timeframe and located in specific geographic regions.It is often assumed that cultural traditions,social organizations,and other aspects of lifeways were similar throughout the established cultural areas.However,variations in pottery assemblages,burial practices,house construction techniques,and subsistence strategies are observed among late Neolithic Dawenkou culture sites in China.This study uses stable isotopic,archaeobotanical,and archaeozoological analysis to investigate variation in diet at middle and late Dawenkou sites.We provide new isotopic data for two sites and a comparison of results for all studies to date for the Dawenkou culture area.There is significant synchronic and diachronic variation,both among and within sites,during the middle and late Dawenkou period.There are multiple potential explanations for this variability including constraints from environmental factors such as temperature,precipitation,local geomorphology,and social factors such as gender,social status,and ethnicity.This study demonstrates that closer examination of Dawenkou culture sites using multiple approaches provides a more nuanced understanding of variation in communities that deserve further analysis.