大汶口文化晚期的丧葬仪式与社会身份

Mortuary Ritual and Social Identities during the Late Dawenkou Period in China

长期以来,学界普遍认为大汶口文化晚期阶段(约公元前3000~前2500年),男性就已获得高于女性的社会地位。本文通过考察江苏梁王城遗址先民社会身份物化的考古学和生物地球化学证据,对这一假说进行检验。研究表明,梁王城的年长女性享有特殊丧葬待遇,部分女性食用了当时“更受欢迎的”食物。研究结果也强调了多学科分析在探讨社会身份物化表达方面的重要性,而不限于基于随葬品数量及质量的简单假设。

Scholars have long assumed that during the late Dawenkou period(c.3000-2500 BC)of Neolithic China,men attained positions of authority over women.This assumption is evaluated through an archaeological and biogeochemical investigation of the materialisation of social identity at the Liangwangcheng site in Jiangsu province.Here,older adult females are found to have been afforded special mortuary treatment,and some females consumed“preferred”foods.The results emphasise the importance of multidisciplinary analysis in the study of the material expressions of social identities in order to move beyond simplistic assumptions based on the quantity and quality of grave goods.