辽东半岛花纹砖墓考古学研究

Archaeological Study on the Textured Brick Tombs in Liaodong Peninsula

东北地区汉代花纹砖墓仅分布于辽东半岛,辽东半岛花纹砖墓主要分布于大连和营口地区,主要集中于渤海沿岸。花纹砖墓一般分布在大型遗址或城址周围,有单室墓、双室墓、三室墓、四室墓和五室墓。花纹砖一般用于墓壁和墓门,部分用于铺底,存在与其他砖或石板混合使用的现象。花纹砖的形制、大小不尽相同,有长方形砖、方体砖、方砖、楔形砖、异形砖等,榫卯砖比较盛行。图案以几何形居多,还有动植物纹和祥瑞纹、钱币纹、文字砖、铺首衔环纹等。花纹砖墓流行于东汉晚期至魏晋时期。本文就已发掘的花纹砖墓为例,结合考古调查发现的花纹砖,对辽东半岛花纹砖墓的分布、结构、类型、年代、花纹砖图案、源流等进行探讨。

The textured brick tombs of Han dynasty in Northeast China were only distributed in Liaodong Peninsula.And the textured brick tombs in Liaodong Peninsula were mainly distributed in Dalian and Yingkou,concentrated along the coast of Bohai Sea.The textured brick tombs were generally distributed around large sites or city sites,including single chamber tombs,double chamber tombs,three chamber tombs,four chamber tombs and five chamber tombs.The textured bricks were generally used for tomb walls and doors,and some were used for bedding,mixed with other bricks or stone slabs.The shape and size of the textured bricks were different,including rectangular bricks,square-shaped bricks,square bricks,wedge-shaped bricks,special-shaped bricks,etc.while mortise-tenon bricks were more popular.Most of the patterns were geometric,as well as animal and plant patterns,auspicious patterns,coin patterns,character patterns,animal head ring patterns,etc.The textured brick tombs were popular from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties.Taking the excavated textured brick tombs for example,combined with the textured bricks found in archaeological investigation,this paper discusses the distribution,structure,type,age,textured brick pattern and origin of the textured brick tombs in Liaodong Peninsula.