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论晋侯苏钟的年代和归属——兼论周厉王王年

Discussions on the Date and Owner of Jin Marquis Su bell and the Date of King Li of Zhou
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摘要 晋侯苏钟是晋侯墓地唯一一件具有完整纪年并可与文献中的晋侯名相对应的青铜器。自发现以来,关于其时代争讼不已,主要有两种观点,一种观点认为属于周宣王时,一种观点认为属于周厉王时。因此,它的时代归属牵扯到了墓主的身份和周厉王的在位王年,对于晋侯墓地墓主考证和西周年代学研究具有重要意义。M8的14C测年数据公布之后,看似支持献侯说,从而使之成为主流认识,但是众多问题仍然存在。本文通过分析相关文献记载、西周王年研究、测年数据得出结论:晋侯苏当为晋穆侯,晋侯苏钟铭中所记三十三年当为周宣王三十三年,即公元前795年,而非周厉王三十三年。周厉王在位时间仅有十六年,加共和十四年通年三十年。 Jin Marquis Su bell is the only bronze ware that has a full chronological record,corresponding with the names of Jin marquises in historical records,in the cemetery of Jin marquises.Since it was found,the bell's date has been in controversies.There are two main points of view:one is that it belongs to the King Xuan,from the other point of view,it belongs to the King Li.Therefore,its date is associated with its owner's identity and the chronicle division of King Li,being significantly important for researching the cemetery's owners and chronology researches of the Western Zhou Dynasty.After the C14 data of M8 has been published,it seems that the bell belongs to Marquis Xian is approved and becomes the mainstream view.While many problems are still unsolved.According to analyses based on historical records,researches on the chronicle division of the Western Zhou Dynasty and associated dating data,this article considers that Jin Marquis Su refers to Marquis Xian of Jin.The year thirty-third that recorded on Jin Marquis Su bell is the thirty-third year of King Xuan,795 BC,but not the thirty-third year of King Li.The length of King Li's era was as long as sixteen years,at most thirty years,adding the fourteen years of Gonghe period.
作者 张溯 Zhang Su(Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
出处 《东方考古》 2020年第1期131-144,共14页 East Asia Archaeology
关键词 晋侯苏钟 晋献侯 周厉王 周宣王 西周王年 Jin Marquis Su bell Marquis Xian of Jin King Li of Zhou King Xuan of Zhou the date of the Western Zhou Dynasty
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