数据分享理论——数据法律基础概念的厘清与再造

随着数据成为生产要素,数据分享成为一种有效的经济生产方式。数据分享契合数据要素与数据经济发展的特征与规律,可以解决数据利用中的集体行动问题,可以实现数据资源优化配置和数据利益的合理分配。基于生产组织逻辑的差异,数据分享可以分为基于市场逻辑的数据交易、基于管理逻辑的数据开放和基于社会性逻辑的利他共享。《数据二十条》的出台,标志着我国数据基础制度由“重保护”走向“促分享”。数据分享理论的提出,有助于建立符合社会和市场要求的数据利用规则,实现不同的数据利用逻辑之间概念与规范的协调,也有助于积极探索构建基于数据有效利用的数据治理体系,进一步完善具有中国特色的数据基础制度。

As data becomes a factor of production,data sharing has also become an effective mode of economic production.Data sharing is in line with the characteristics and laws of the development of data factors and data economy:it can solve the collective action problem in data use and achieve the optimal allocation of data resources and the reasonable distribution of data benefits.Based on the differences in the logic of production organization,data sharing can be divided into data transaction based on market,data opening based on management and altruistic sharing based on the logic of sociality.The introduction of the Twenty Articles on Data marks the transition from"protection-first"to"sharing-first"of data.The introduction of the theory of data sharing helps to establish rules for data use that meets social and market requirements,achieve coordination of concepts and norms between different data use logics,and actively explore the construction of a data governance system based on the effective use of data,further improving the basic data system with Chinese characteristics.