生成式人工智能应用失范的法律规制研究——以ChatGPT和社交机器人为视角

以ChatGPT和社交机器人为代表的生成式人工智能是数据、算法和算力共同作用的结果,其能通过高效地改变网络空间动态结构,从而引导、塑造和固化目标受众的认知。技术中立的托词无法为此类人工智能的应用失范进行开释,作为一种内容生成技术,它的行为射程和效用状态体现的仍然是背后设计者和使用者的主观意志与价值选择。对于生成式人工智能的法律规制,应秉持彰显国家监管权力在场以及强化人之主体地位的理念导向,嵌入与推广算法伦理,并正确处理技术治理与法律规制之间的关系,发挥两者双管齐下的集合效应。还应建构各利益攸关方的协同治理格局,传统的行为规制模式也需转向针对数据和算法的过程性规制模式,而网络平台则需通过合规机制,采取删除、通知、标注、算法审计等措施,履行平台应尽之监管职责。

The rise of generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT and social robots is the result of the joint action of data,algorithm and computing power,which could efficiently change the dynamic structure of cyberspace,and use it to achieve the purpose of guiding,shaping and solidifying the thoughts of target audience.The technological neutrality can't justify the misapplication of generative artificial intelligence,and as a content generation technique,its behavioral range and utility state still reflect the intent and values of the designers and users behind it.For the legal regulation of generative artificial intelligence,it should highlight the presence of state regulatory power and strengthen the role of human beings,promote algorithmic ethics,and properly handle the relationship between technology governance and legal regulation in order to play their joint function.In addition,a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance structure should also be constructed.The traditional behavioral regulation model needs to be shifted to the process regulation model for data and algorithms,while the platforms need to fulfill their public regulatory responsibilities through compliance mechanisms by taking measures such as deletion,notification,labeling,and algorithm audit.