人工智能法的理论体系与核心议题

Theoretical System and Core Issues of Artificial Intelligence Law

数字时代的法治图景应以何种名目展开,存在计算法学、数据法学和人工智能法学等不同见解。可以确定的是,作为复杂性科学技术,人工智能的研发、生产和应用应遵循基本人类价值,为相关活动提供安全、可信、公平、可解释性并保障主体权利等基本价值指引。传统民法学所形成的精神主线为人工智能法提供了体系框架。在法律主体领域,元宇宙中的数字身份问题开始起步。如何认定数字身份的法律地位并构建可行的身份认证方案,仍待理论与实践的融合探索。在法律行为领域,智能合约研究正从理论探索向应用分析转变,知情同意规则呈现出持续冲突与初步调适的双重面貌,电子签名效力规则亟待细化。在权利领域,新兴权利进入勃兴期,以解释权为核心的算法权利研究进一步深入,有关数据权利的研究众多却未取得重大突破,加密正在成为一种权利,而信用权等权利的研究尚有不足。

There are different opinions on the characterization of rule of law in the digital age,and its academic characterization can be summarized as the computational law,data law and AI law.What is certain is that,as a complex technology,the development,production and application of AI should be subject to the fundamental human values,and provide basic values,such as safety,trustworthiness,fairness,interpretability and safeguarding people’s rights for some activities.The gist running through the traditional civil law provides the systemic framework for AI law.In terms of legal entities,the digital identity in the Metaverse has gradually attracted attention.But the issue of how to identify the digital legal status and construct a feasible identity authentication scheme still needs more thinking based on the integration of theory and practice.In terms of legal acts,the focus of smart contract research has been turned from theoretical exploration to application analysis.The rule of implied consent has met with continuing conflicts and proper adjustment,and the rules on validating digital signatures should be more detailed.With respect to rights,new rights are emerging,and the research on algorithmic rights with the right of interpretation as the core is further deepened.The research on data rights is abundant but makes no breakthrough.Encryption has become a right but the research on credit right is still insufficient.