环境法典编纂的宪法根据及合宪性控制

Constitutional Basis and Constitutionality Control of Environmental Codification

环境法典编纂坚持宪法根据,这既是对环境法典法律地位及编纂质量的要求,也对宪法的全面实施及发展具有重要意义。宪法上与生态文明建设有关的条款构成环境法典编纂的规范与制度根据;宪法上确认的习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想与中国共产党领导地位、以人民为中心、国家治理、依法治国、关于环境资源等理论构成环境法典编纂的规范根据。明确环境法在法律体系中的独立地位、论证环境法典的基本法律地位、在其第1条明确规定“根据宪法,制定本法”,是环境法典编纂启动后必备的三个步骤。为了确保环境法典编纂的合宪性、质量以及实现其预期法律功能,应该从标准、程序及基准三个方面进行有效的合宪性控制。合宪性控制的标准包括宏观标准、中观标准、直接标准和间接标准;程序从主体、阶段、方式等维度展开;基准包括严格、中度、宽松三个层面。

The compilation of environmental code should adhere to the constitutional basis,which is not only a requirement for the legal status and compilation quality of environmental codes,but also of great significance to the comprehensive implementation and development of the Constitution.The articles related to the construction of ecological civilization in the constitution constitute the norms and institutional basis for the compilation of environmental codes;Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and theories on the leadership of the Communist Party of China,people-centeredness,national governance,rule of law,and environmental resources confirmed in the Constitution constitute the normative basis for the compilation of the environmental code.To clarify the independent status of the environmental law in the legal system,to demonstrate the basic legal status of the environmental code,and to clearly stipulate in its Article 1 that"this law shall be formulated in accordance with the constitution"are the three necessary steps after starting compilation of the environmental code.In order to ensure the constitutionality and quality of environmental code compilation and realize its expected legal function,effective constitutional control should be carried out from three aspects:standards,procedures and benchmarks.The standards of constitutional control include macro standards,medium standards,direct standards and indirect standards;the procedure is carried out from the dimensions of subject,stage,and method;the standards can be strict,moderate,and lenient.