“三阶层”犯罪结构模式的中国语境批判

Criticism of "Three-Level" Crime Structure Model in Chinese Context

德国、日本"三阶层"犯罪结构模式被引入我国刑法学界后,以我国应有的刑法文化视野和人类社会几千年来认定犯罪的应有技术操作要求来看,不但会发现其体系内部本身存在着针对性不强、技术性不高、逻辑性不严密的固有缺陷,而且还会发现在这一理论体系之外存在着我国刑法学面对这一理论已经缺乏甚至丧失了自我审视、自我警觉、自我批判而导致的盲目崇拜、盲目采信、盲目遵从的不正常现象。在刑事司法实践中,刑事警察的主要任务在于侦破案件,还原事实真相,"三阶层"的理论指导性意义不强,而对于检察机关和审判机关来说,评价犯罪、认定犯罪,是在犯罪主体资格具备的基础上,强调主客观的高度一致性,所谓的"三阶层"犯罪结构模式的位阶关系基本上没有多少实践价值。解构"三阶层"犯罪结构模式,提出以犯罪主体资格为基础,以主客观两要件为内容的犯罪构成"新模式",可以释疑,经得起证伪,对得起质疑,可以实现立法之规格模型,习法之分析工具,司法之操作技术之基本功能。

After the Germany and Japanese the"Three-Level"Theory of Crime Structure Mode was introduced into our country’s Criminal Jurisprudence,from the perspective of our country’s criminal culture and the should-be technical operation requirements of conviction in human society for thousands of years,we will find that the"Three-Level"Theory itself has shortcomings of poor pertinence,low technicality,imprecise logic.A series of issues caused by the lack or even loss of self-examination,self-vigilance and self-criticism,when our country’s Criminal Jurisprudence facing the theory.In criminal judicial practice,the main task of the criminal police officers is the detection of crimes and restore the whole truth of the case,which is barely guided by the"Three-Level"Crime Composition Theory.Likewise,as for the procuratorial organs and criminal courts,conviction is based on the qualifications of subject of the crime offender,emphasizes the height consistency of the subjective guilty and objective crime behaviors,which the so-called"hierarchical structure"of the"Three-Level"Theory basically do not have much practical value in this certain judicial process.By deconstructing the"Three-Level"Crime Structure Mode,this paper puts forward a new theory of constitution of crime,based on the qualifications of the subject of the crime offender,is composed by the subjective and objective elements of a crime.The new theory can dispel doubts,stand falsification,withstandthe challenges,realize the basic functions as a standard model of legislation,an analytical tool of law study,and a judicial operation technique.