民事法律行为效力评价维度——兼论及限制性规范体系的理解适用

The Appraisal Dimensions on Civil Juristic Act

民事法律行为的效力评价体系,是一个法律评价乃至利益平衡的过程:以相对人之间约束力为起点,辐射到合同履行、请求权对抗等后果评价,并且需要覆盖债权和物权行为等不同维度。民法典的整体编制和调整,体现了"公权干预限缩"和"私权保护扩张"的价值趋向,而效力性、管理性和私权限制(对抗)等不同性质的限制性规定,代表着民法对于不同层次法益的保护和救济需要,也决定着司法对当事人意思自治的介入程度。在尚未达到需公权力直接干预的私益处分领域,可根据"区分原则"和效力相对性原则,隔离处分行为效果对合同本身效力之影响;对于违反私权限制的情形,区分"内外"有别的法律关系,适用"效力介入式"或"效果对抗式"救济方式,并结合"善意"方的选择,确定不同主体之间效力维度的最终状态。

The appraisal system of the civil juristic act is a process of legal appraisal and benefits balances.Starting from the binding force between the opposite parties,it radiates to the consequence evaluation of contract performance and right of claim confrontation.The overall compilation and adjustment of the Civil Code reflect the value trend of"restriction of public power intervention"and"expansion of private right protection".The restrictive provisions of validity,management,and private right restriction(confrontation)represent the protection and relief needs of civil law for different levels of legal interests,and also determine the degree of judicial intervention in party autonomy.In the field of private interest disposition which has not yet reached the requirement of the direct intervention of public power,we can isolate the effect of disposition action on the validity of contract according to the principle of distinction and the principle of relativity of effect;for the case of violation of the private right restriction,we should distinguish between"internal and external"legal relations,apply the"validity intervention"or validity confrontation"relief methods,and combine with the selection of"good faith"party Choose,determine the final state of the validity dimension between different subjects.