毘山遗址新石器时代墓葬的埋葬位序与家户观察

Layout and Household Observation of the Neolithic Cemetery at the Pishan site

根据墓葬叠压打破关系和随葬品共存关系,毘山遗址新石器时代墓葬可分为七类,代表由早至晚的五个发展阶段和两大墓葬群。以随葬带把盉和鼎的差别区分的两大墓葬群可能分别对应男性墓葬和女性墓葬。通过对墓葬与房屋关系及墓地内部结构的分析,结合民族志,推测东西墓区可能分别对应两个家户的墓地。毘山遗址新石器时代墓地表现出与一般良渚文化家族墓地及其表述的社会组织结构显然不同的内涵,为崧泽到良渚时期的社会结构及文化演进研究提供了新的启发。

Chronology of Pishan site’s neolithic cemetery is reliant on typology,which dividesthe burials into seven categories,representing five phasesand two groups of tombs.The two groups of burials that distinguish the difference between the He and Ding in grave goods may correspond to male burials and female burials,respectively.The deceased were buried in the cemetery in the order of gender and generation.Through the analysis of the relationship between the graves and the houses and the internal structure of the cemetery,combined with the ethnography,it is speculated that the east and west cemeteries may correspond to the cemeteries of two household.The Neolithic cemetery at Pishan site shows a distinct connotation from the general Liangzhu culture family cemetery and its expressed social organization structure,which provides new inspiration for the study of social structure and cultural evolution during the period from Songze culture to Liangzhu culture.